Ten calculators, standards-backed
Set the inputs; the plan follows.
Each card implements a published method - ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, AIAG MSA, the NIST
handbook constants - and shows its work in the result register.
Acceptance sampling · ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, level II
AQL sampling calculator
Lot size in, sampling plan out: sample size, code letter, and the accept/reject
numbers for your major and minor AQL. The plan is only defensible if it is tied to
the customer specification, so set the AQLs to the contract, not to habit.
Process capability
Cp and Cpk
How well the process fits the specification. Cpk under 1.33 means any drift in the
mean starts shipping defects; Cpk without demonstrated stability is a number about a
process that is not behaving the same way twice.
Six sigma
Sigma level and DPMO
Defects per million opportunities and the sigma level it implies. Count
opportunities honestly: inflating them flatters the sigma without changing a single
outcome the customer sees.
SPC · X̄ chart
Control limits (X̄)
Centre line and control limits for a means chart, from the process itself. If you
find yourself choosing limits to match the specification, you are building a chart
that agrees with you, not one that warns you.
SPC · range chart
R chart limits
Control limits for subgroup ranges using the D3 and D4 constants, n from 2 to 10.
Run the range chart before trusting the means chart: if spread is out of control,
the X̄ limits are built on sand.
Measurement systems analysis
Gage R&R (range method)
How much of your variation is the measurement system itself. Under 10% of tolerance
is acceptable; over 30% means the gage, not the process, is what you have been
charting. This is the study that decides whether the rest of your data means anything.
Study design
Sample size (proportion)
How many units to inspect for a given confidence and margin of error, assuming the
worst-case proportion unless you know better. Halving the margin quadruples the
sample: precision is bought, never wished for.
Acceptance sampling
OC curve
The operating characteristic curve for a plan of n samples and acceptance number c:
the probability a lot passes, across true defect rates. This is the honest picture
of what your sampling plan actually protects against.
Risk analysis
FMEA risk priority number
Severity × occurrence × detection, each scored 1-10. The number ranks
where to act first; its value is entirely in being computed early, which is exactly
when nobody wants to spend the time.
Conversion
PPM and defect rate
Parts-per-million and percent defective, converted both directions, with the sigma
level the rate implies. Enter either side; the other follows.
Standards
The references behind these
These calculators implement published methods; the standards are the authority.